This book came about as a result of research for alleged victims of mind control experimentation. Illegal experimentation using electromagnetic weapons technology on U.S. Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Classical Intraoperative Findings. Trigeminal neuralgia is considered one of the worst pains that can affect a human being. The severity of this disabling pain and. ![]() Effect of Atlas Vertebrae Realignment in Subjects with Migraine: An Observational Pilot Study. Upper Cervical Research Foundation, 5. Wayzata Boulevard, Suite 3. Minneapolis, MN 5. USA2. The Britannia Clinic, 5. Elbow Drive SW No. Calgary, AB, Canada T2. S 2. T6. 3University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Foothills Hospital, 1. Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2. N 2. T9. 4Rho Sigma Scientific Consultants, 1. Valencia Road NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T3.
This Website Is Intended To Provide Medical Ebooks For Free Download By Doctors & Medical Students.Brain Tumor Definition. A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue in the brain. Unlike other tumors, brain tumors spread by local extension and rarely metastasize (spread) outside the brain. A benign brain tumor is. A 2. B7. 5Departments of Diagnostic Imaging and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 2. University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2. N 1. N4. Copyright . Charles Woodfield III et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. In a migraine case study, headache symptoms significantly decreased with an accompanying increase in intracranial compliance index following atlas vertebrae realignment. This observational pilot study followed eleven neurologist diagnosed migraine subjects to determine if the case findings were repeatable at baseline, week four, and week eight, following a National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association intervention. Secondary outcomes consisted of migraine- specific quality of life measures. After examination by a neurologist, volunteers signed consent forms and completed baseline migraine- specific outcomes. Presence of atlas misalignment allowed study inclusion, permitting baseline MRI data collection. Chiropractic care continued for eight weeks. Postintervention reimaging occurred at week four and week eight concomitant with migraine- specific outcomes measurement. Five of eleven subjects exhibited an increase in the primary outcome, intracranial compliance; however, mean overall change showed no statistical significance. End of study mean changes in migraine- specific outcome assessments, the secondary outcome, revealed clinically significant improvement in symptoms with a decrease in headache days. The lack of robust increase in compliance may be understood by the logarithmic and dynamic nature of intracranial hemodynamic and hydrodynamic flow, allowing individual components comprising compliance to change while overall it did not. Study results suggest that the atlas realignment intervention may be associated with a reduction in migraine frequency and marked improvement in quality of life yielding significant reduction in headache- related disability as observed in this cohort. Future study with controls is necessary, however, to confirm these findings. Clinicaltrials. gov registration number is NCT0. Introduction. It has been proposed that a misaligned atlas vertebra creates spinal cord distortion disrupting neural traffic of brain stem nuclei in the medulla oblongata encumbering normal physiology . Restoration is characterized as being architecturally balanced, being capable of unrestricted range of motion, and allowing a significant decrease in gravitational stress . The correction theoretically removes the cord distortion, created by an atlas misalignment or atlas subluxation complex (ASC), as specifically defined by NUCCA. Neurologic function is restored, specifically thought to be in the brain stem autonomic nuclei, which affect the cranial vascular system that includes Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Based on that information, previously observed relationships of increased intracranial compliance to marked reduction in migraine symptoms following atlas realignment provided incentive for using the ICCI as the study objective primary outcome. ICCI affects the ability of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to accommodate physiologic volume fluctuations that occur, thereby avoiding ischemia of underlying neurologic structures . A state of high intracranial compliance enables any volume increase to occur in the intrathecal CNS space without causing an intracranial pressure increase that occurs primarily with arterial inflow during systole . Outflow occurs in the supine position via the internal jugular veins or when upright, via paraspinal or secondary venous drainage. This extensive venous plexus is valveless and anastomotic, allowing blood to flow in a retrograde direction, into the CNS through postural changes . Venous drainage plays an important role in regulating the intracranial fluid system . Compliance appears to be functional and dependent on the free egress of blood via these extracranial venous drainage pathways . This decreases accommodation of volume fluctuations within the cranium creating a state of decreased intracranial compliance. Damadian and Chu describe return of a normal CSF outflow measured at mid- C- 2, exhibiting a 2. CSF pressure gradient in the patient where the atlas had been optimally realigned . The patient reported freedom from symptoms (vertigo and vomiting when recumbent) consistent with the atlas remaining in alignment. A hypertension study using the NUCCA intervention suggests a possible mechanism underlying the blood pressure decrease could be resultant from changes in cerebral circulation in relation to atlas vertebrae position . Empirical observation reveals significant reduction of migraine patients. Using migraine- diagnosed subjects seemed ideal for investigating proposed cerebral circulation changes following atlas realignment as originally theorized in the hypertension study conclusions and seemingly supported by a possible brain stem trigeminal- vascular connection. This would further advance a developing working pathophysiologic hypothesis of atlas misalignment. Results from an initial case study demonstrated substantial increase in ICCI with decrease in migraine headache symptoms following the NUCCA atlas correction. A 6. 2- year- old male with neurologist diagnosed chronic migraine volunteered for a before- after intervention case study. Using Phase Contrast- MRI (PC- MRI), changes in cerebral hemodynamic and hydrodynamic flow parameters were measured at baseline, 7. The same atlas correction procedure used in the hypertension study was followed . ICCI), from 9. 4 to 1. Observed changes in venous outflow pulsatility and predominant secondary venous drainage in the supine position warranted additional investigation further inspiring a study of migraine subjects in this case series. The possible effects of the atlas misalignment or ASC on venous drainage are unknown. Careful examination of intracranial compliance in relation to effects of an atlas misalignment intervention may provide insight into how the correction might influence migraine headache. Using PC- MRI, this current study. As observed in the case study, the hypothesis supposed that a subject. If present, any observed changes in venous pulsatility and drainage route were to be documented for further comparison. To monitor migraine symptoms response, the secondary outcomes included patient reported outcomes to measure any related change in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQo. L), similarly used in migraine research. Throughout the study, subjects maintained headache diaries documenting the decrease (or increase) in the number of headache days, intensity, and medication used. Conducting this observational case series, pilot study, allowed for additional investigation into aforementioned physiologic effects in further development of a working hypothesis into the pathophysiology of an atlas misalignment. Data required for estimation of statistically significant subject sample sizes and resolving procedural challenges will provide needed information for developing a refined protocol to conduct a blinded, placebo controlled migraine trial using the NUCCA correction intervention. Methods. This research maintained compliance with the Helsinki Declaration for research on human subjects. The University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board approved the study protocol and subject informed consent form, Ethics ID: E- 2. Clinical. Trials. NCT0. 19. 80. 92. NCT0. 19. 80. 92. Subject recruitment and screening occurred at the Calgary Headache Assessment and Management Program (CHAMP), a neurology- based specialist referral clinic (see Figure 1, Table 1). CHAMP evaluates patients resistant to standard pharmacotherapy and medical treatment for migraine headache that no longer provides migraine symptom relief. Family and primary care physicians referred potential study subjects to CHAMP making advertising unnecessary. Table 1: Subject inclusion/exclusion criteria. Potential subjects, na. GSA: Gravity Stress Analyzer. HIT- 6: Headache Impact Test- 6. HRQo. L: Health Related Quality of Life. MIDAS: Migraine Disability Assessment Scale. MSQL: Migraine- Specific Quality of Life Measure. NUCCA: National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association. PC- MRI: Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging. VAS: Visual Analog Scale. Study inclusion required volunteers, between the ages of 2. A neurologist with several decades of migraine experience screened applicants utilizing the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD- 2) for study inclusion . Potential subjects, na. At least eight headache days per month had to reach an intensity of at least four on a zero to ten VAS pain scale, unless treated successfully with a migraine- specific medication. At least four separate headache episodes per month separated by at least a 2. Significant head or neck trauma occurring within one year prior to study entry excluded candidates. Further exclusion criteria included acute medication overuse, a history of claustrophobia, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, or any CNS disorder other than migraine. Table 1 describes the complete inclusion and exclusion criteria considered.
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